One set of possible internal explanations focuses on political divisions. According to this view, the Confederacy was hindered because its devotion to decentralised government, endless checks on executive power and obsession with individual liberty for whites undermined the capacity to fight.
Yet what is striking about the Confederacy is how much power the government in Richmond had, taking control of munitions manufacturing, and impounding property. From nothing, the South created what was for a while one of the most effective and disciplined armies the world had seen. Perhaps, then, the underlying failure of the Confederacy can be found in fault lines in southern society. Did class tensions undermine the war effort?
Were women on the home front insufficiently committed to the cause? In fact, only in the final months of conflict did a failure of morale tangibly affect the ability of Confederate armies to resist.
African Americans and women of all ethnicities have fought, and continue to fight, especially hard to have their voices heard. It has used intimidation, violence, and murder to maintain white supremacy in Southern government and social life. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students.
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Bryden, H. Nature , — CAS Google Scholar. Robson, J. Atlantic overturning in decline? Smeed, D. Observed decline of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation — Ocean Sci. Srokosz, M. Observing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation yields a decade of inevitable surprises.
Science , Majumder, S. An observations and model based analysis of meridional transports in the South Atlantic. Oceans , — The North Atlantic Ocean is in a state of reduced overturning. Rahmstorf, S. Correction: Corrigendum: Evidence for an exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning.
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Zhang, R. The recently elected President Abraham Lincoln was of the Republican Party, which was against expanding the institution of slavery to other states. The southern states, whose economy relied upon labor provided by the slaves, disagreed with this.
They also felt the government was not addressing their needs. The southern states then formed the Confederate States of America. The other 25 states supported the U.
Causes: The U. Civil War cannot be attributed to a single event; it was the culmination of several deeply rooted issues in American society. It was caused by a variety of sentiments that were and still are engrained in the U. In fact, many of the reasons that secession and the war took place are still contentious issues in U.
For example, should laws governing the country be up to the federal government or for individual states to decide? What happens when the country is deeply divided on an issue?
The underlying cause was the institution of slavery and whether or not it should be expanded to U. There was a huge movement in the North to end slavery. The abolitionists, people who believed slavery to be immoral and unjust, called for the liberation of all slaves. The Underground Railroad was a code name for the alliance of "safe houses" where escaped slaves could seek refuge along the route to freedom in the North.
The South saw abolitionism as a major threat to their way of life. They especially resented that the North granted slaves their freedom in exchange for their fighting on the side of the Union. Many slaves jumped at this opportunity because of the chance to gain their own freedom and to fight for the freedom of others. Also, the economy in the northern states differed greatly from the economy of the southern states. Sectionalism, or the increasing differences between society and beliefs in the North and South, was another major factor.
The North was more industrial and had become more urbanized, whereas the South was agricultural and plantation-based. It relied on slave labor to keep the economy going. The South complained that the North was changing and becoming too modern, straying from the true republican values that the nation was founded upon; in fact, many of the country's "Founding Fathers" owned slaves themselves.
The period before the war was an incredibly tense time. The result of this intensity was the South's secession from the Union, which paved the way for the deadliest war in American history, since Americans were fighting on both sides.
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